How to change sentence structure.

Tolley's suggested rewrite is grammatically incorrect.

The components of Henderson's theory demonstrated a holistic approach to nursing care that was physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual.

This at least corrects the grammatical errors, but there are still some problems to work out.

First of all, you should consider whether Henderson's theory is relevant today, or only important in a historical sense.  If it is relevant today, it would be better to use the present tense to summarize the theory.  But you will need to consult your academic institution's writing guidelines to confirm this.

I don't think you need to use the phrase the components at all in this sentence, and demonstrate is a rather imprecise verb to describe a theory.

One last point: describing the theory's holistic approach as physiological, psychological, social and spiritual is a little vague.  Assuming the Henderson in question here is noted nursing theorist Virginia Henderson, I would suggest a rewrite along these lines:

Henderson's theory advocates a holistic approach to nursing care, one that responds to the patient's physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual needs.

I hope this helps.

or:

The components of Henderson's theory demonstrated a holistic approach to nursing that included physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual care.